Cardinality, Optionality, and Unknown-ness

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About the Paper

This paper explores the differences between three situations that appear on the surface to be very similar: a data attribute that may occur zero or one times, a data attribute that is optional, and a data attribute whose value may be unknown. It shows how each of these different situations is represented in Concept and Object Modeling Notation (COMN, pronounced “common”). The theory behind the analysis is explained in greater detail by three papers: Three-Valued Logic, A Systematic Solution to Handling Unknown Data in Databases, and An Approach to Representing Non-Applicable Data in Relational Databases.

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Data Education for Business and IT Professionals

Cardinality, Optionality, and Unknown-ness

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About the Paper